How to contact Lisa Murkowski ? Lisa Murkowski Contact Address, Email ID, Website, Phone Number
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Senate from Alaska in 2002 and began office later that year, Lisa Murkowski, more often known as Lisa Ann Murkowski, was born on May 22, 1957, in Ketchikan, Alaska. She was elected to the body in 2004.
Her father, Frank Murkowski, was an Alaskan banker who later held several political positions in the United States. He began his career as a U.S. senator (1981–2002) and later served as governor (2002–06). Lisa obtained a law degree from Willamette University in Salem, Oregon after completing a degree in economics at Georgetown University (B.A., 1980). Following her time in Anchorage, she returned to private practise in the Alaska district court and was a member of the bench there for eight years. She married her high school sweetheart Verne Martell in 1987, and the pair later had two children.
She entered politics in 1998, running for and winning a seat in the Alaska House of Representatives. Lisa’s father stepped down from the Senate in 2002 to become the governor, and his first act in office was to appoint her to complete his Senate term. In 2004, she was elected to a full term after assuming the office. In 2010, she sought for reelection in a heavily Republican-populated district, but was defeated in the GOP primary by a Tea Party rival. Once she began a write-in campaign, she was elected president. The Strom Thurmond election in 1954 was the last successful write-in effort in the U.S.
For a while, Murkowski was considered a conservative politician from the American West with some libertarian views. Despite winning her election through write-in votes, however, she followed a more moderate approach for the most part. While she voted in line with her party, she took many votes to oppose federal agencies that oversee Alaskan affairs (in particular, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of the Interior). Additionally, she has consistently advocated for the oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. On the other hand, she frequently diverged from Republicans on social matters. As an elected official, she has frequently endorsed same-sex marriage and actively fought for repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,” which had previously prevented open homosexuals from serving in the U.S. military. Also, she supported legislation to make abortion more accessible and supported stem-cell research that was far less controversial.
Located in Washington, D.C., Georgetown University is a private, coeducational institution of higher learning. The Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic church is the school’s primary academic and spiritual connection, but people of other faiths have always been welcome at Georgetown. In the College of Arts and Sciences, graduate programmes, the Walsh School of Foreign Service, and medical, nursing, business, and foreign language schools are all housed inside the institution. The undergraduate, graduate, and professional degree programmes at Georgetown are offered. Seismological observatory, the Woodstock Theological Center, and the Charles Augustus Strong Center are all extremely important in providing services to their community. The total number of students enrolled is roughly 12,000.
The first Roman Catholic college in the United States, Georgetown, was founded in 1789. A charter from the federal government was granted to the university in 1814. These medical and legal schools were established in the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, respectively. Clinton, Scalia, and López Michelsen are all well-known alums.
The policy began on October 1, 1993, lifting a World War II prohibition on homosexuals in the military but maintaining a restriction that was passed into law earlier. The House of Representatives and the Senate both voted to repeal the programme in December 2010, and on December 22, President Obama signed the legislation into law. The formal cancellation of the policy occurred on September 20, 2011.
Bill Clinton declared before taking office in January 1993 that he planned to abolish the longstanding prohibition on homosexuals in the military. Even though the move was well-received by a majority of Americans, gay activists, who had been a significant part of Clinton’s presidential campaign, and Clinton had made a commitment to act on the issue during the election, no political analysts believed he would move so quickly on the highly volatile issue. The manoeuvre was criticised strongly, with even Senator Sam Nunn, a Democrat from Georgia, speaking out against it. Indeed, Clinton’s proclamation placed the president at conflict with a number of critical civilians who held control over the armed forces as well as the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Clinton and others in the Senate came to an agreement on a compromise plan to keep homosexuals in the military, known as “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell.” Overwhelmingly, however, military officers argued against it, believing that the mere existence of gays in the armed forces would have a negative impact on morale. Despite military rules being bent, the gay ban was ultimately preserved because of lawsuits that concluded that LGBT members of the military had the right to serve without fear of discrimination.
Homosexuals in the military were barred from discussing their sexual orientation and/or engaging in sexual conduct, and military superiors were also prohibited from inquiring about an individual’s sexual orientation. Although Clinton presented it as a liberalisation of existing policy, in reality, the introduction of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” excluded those who identified as gay from military service. In addition, many LGBTQ activists who supported “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” said that it forced military personnel into secrecy and had fallen far short of an acceptance policy. The policies did little to affect the behaviour of military commanders, who continued to fire or dishonourably discharge gay and lesbian service members. Many Arab linguists who were gay were fired by the military as a result of the Iraq War, which began in 2003.
In 2008, on the 15th anniversary of the military’s statute excluding gays and lesbians from serving, over 12,000 service members had been kicked out of the military for being gay or lesbian. in an effort to close the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (DADT) gap and allow gay men and lesbians to serve openly in the military, Barack Obama campaigned to end “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” and end the DADT policy (a stance that was, according to public opinion polls, backed by a large majority of the public). During Obama’s transition, White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs was steadfast in his assertion that the U.S. did not use torture. Although activists for the gay community thought that Obama would rapidly reverse “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,” discharges for gay servicemembers did not end until his first year in office. The Pentagon announced its plan to examine the policy in February 2010, and work on a report on the findings is expected to be completed in late 2010. To quickly decrease the pressure on the administration to enforce “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,” additional steps were implemented to make it more difficult for openly homosexual military service members to be removed. Discharge proceedings may only be overseen by high-ranking authorities, and the proof required must be higher. This new standard mandates that all third-party testimony must be sworn testimony.
After the results of the Pentagon investigation and certification by the president, the secretary of defence, and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff were obtained, a vote was held in the U.S. House of Representatives and a U.S. Senate panel to abolish “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell.” As the Pentagon investigation was taking place, the policy was being challenged in court by members of the military who alleged that it violated their First and Fifth Amendment rights. A federal judge agreed that it was unlawful, but didn’t rule that the statute was null and void right once. The National Defense Authorization Act—which contained numerous contentious proposals, including the one that would repeal the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” law—was filibustered by Republicans a month later.
After a federal judge in California issued an injunction in October, “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” was halted. Only a month later, though, “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” was restored after the injunction was extended in order for the United States Department of Justice to file an appeal of the ruling. Though Congress is widely viewed as non-homophobic, tensions have been heightened in the Obama administration, particularly on the issue of homosexuals in the military, due to uncertainty over whether the policy will continue. Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates has established more stringent guidelines for enforcement, requiring that the secretary of the air force, army, or navy consult with both the undersecretary of defence and the Pentagon’s top legal official before kicking out a gay service member.
The Pentagon’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” investigation, which was conducted on November 30, 2010, came to the conclusion that removing the policy posed no threat to military effectiveness. More than 70% of respondents who took part in the study stated that eliminating the policy would either have a positive or neutral impact or a negative impact. Despite this, around 40–60% of Marines have expressed reservations or doubts about “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” being overturned. Lieberman and Maine Republican Sen. Susan Collins, after nearly a week of filibustering the National Defense Authorization Act, announced the introduction of a stand-alone measure to repeal “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell.”
In the US House of Representatives, a similar bill was submitted on December 15 and approved 250–174. Later that day, the repeal bill was carried 65–31, with support from only 31 Republicans and one Democrat. Obama stated in a statement: “Today, those of us who lead this country – including our presidents, our vice presidents, and our military commanders – declare that sacrifice, heroism, and integrity are no more defined by sexual orientation than they are by race or gender, religion or creed.”
The measure was signed by President Obama on December 22. Implementation of the repeal of the military justice act could not be completed until the Pentagon devised a strategy for it, which included changing several laws and regulations as well as training and education programmes for service members. Obama formally and affirmatively stated on July 22, 2011, that the military was prepared to go forward with an end to “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” after the secretaries of defence and the Joint Chiefs of Staff both signed off on the certification. The law went into force on September 20, 2011, following a 60-day period in which people had to choose whether or not to keep it.
One of the two houses of the U.S. legislature (Congress), the U.S. Senate, was founded in 1789, shortly after the ratification of the Constitution. Two senators from each state are elected for six-year terms. The Senate has been known as the “house that never dies” since one-third of its membership is up for reelection every two years.
The Founding Fathers designed the Senate as a restraint on the House of Representatives, whose members are directly chosen by the people. That is to say, no matter how big or little a state is, it has an equal vote. To say this is to describe how elections to the Senate used to be, prior to the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution (1913). It has been decided that newly elected state senators would be voted on directly by the people of each state.
Homosexuals in the military were barred from discussing their sexual orientation and/or engaging in sexual conduct, and military superiors were also prohibited from inquiring about an individual’s sexual orientation. Although Clinton presented it as a liberalisation of existing policy, in reality, the introduction of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” excluded those who identified as gay from military service. In addition, many LGBTQ activists who supported “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” said that it forced military personnel into secrecy and had fallen far short of an acceptance policy. The policies did little to affect the behaviour of military commanders, who continued to fire or dishonourably discharge gay and lesbian service members. Many Arab linguists who were gay were fired by the military as a result of the Iraq War, which began in 2003.
Both houses of Congress share responsibility for making all of the country’s laws. A law must be passed in both chambers of Congress to be considered valid.
The Senate is provided crucial powers by the provisions known as “advice and consent” (Article II, section 2) of the Constitution: treaties must be ratified by a two-thirds majority of all senators and Cabinet nominations can be approved with a simple majority. The Senate also holds hearings and conducts trials for members of the House of Representatives who file impeachment charges.
On the other hand, procedures and organisational structures are designed for political parties and committees in the House of Representatives. Each party elects a leader, such as a senator, to head the Senate and organise its operations. When one of the two major parties becomes the majority, they are referred to as the majority leader. When the other party has become the minority, they are referred to as the minority leader. Additionally, Senate leaders have a significant say on who serves on their party’s Senate committees, which debate and process legislation and have oversight authority over numerous agencies and departments in the federal government. When there is a tie in the Senate, the vice president acts as president of the Senate but may only vote. The presiding officer of the Senate is the president pro tempore, a member of the majority party who has served for the longest amount of time.
A 16-person standing committee is primarily responsible for policies pertaining to several fields, and they each maintain their own staffs, budgets, and subcommittees. A member of the majority party serves as chair of each committee. It is among the more essential standing committees to be found in Congress, and these committees include those that handle all appropriations, government finances, government operations, international affairs, and the judiciary. During each congressional session, a multitude of bills are referred to the committee systems, although only a portion of these are actually considered by the committees. When creating legislation, the final text is created through a “mark-up” session, which is either open or closed. Committees in the legislative process hear testimony from witnesses and hold hearings on the legislation. Select and special committees are established for research or investigations and are then tasked with reporting to the Senate.
The Senate has a smaller membership than the House, allowing for extensive debate. Three-fifths of the membership (60 senators) must vote for cloture in order to call a filibuster. Cloture in the Senate for debate on all presidential nominations except for Supreme Court nominees was reinterpreted in 2013, which permitted cloture by majority vote for such debates. This changed in 2017, when cloture for Supreme Court nominations was allowed by a majority vote. A two-thirds vote in the Senate is required to invoke cloture. The Senate has a much less complex party control system, with major senators’ positions trumping those of the party.
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(1)Full Name: Lisa Murkowski
(2)Nickname: Lisa Murkowski
(3)Born: May 22, 1957 (Age: 64 years old)
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(8)Marital Status: Married
(9)Profession: Republican
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